Morne Patterson – The Key Components of Due Diligence
Due diligence is an important process which entails the investigation of a potential investment or product to confirm all facts, such as reviewing the financial records, commercial drivers and technology stack. The purpose of due diligence is to confirm that all material facts are disclosed and evaluated prior to the investment. It is commonly performed when buying or selling a business, obtaining third party funding or entering a strategic business relationship.
Financial Due Diligence
This is the process of reviewing a
company's financial information to assess its financial health and performance.
The goal of financial due diligence is to identify any potential financial
risks or opportunities. The evaluation includes reviewing historical financial
statements, budgets, forecasts, tax returns, debt obligations, credit history
and liquidity requirements.
Commercial Due Diligence
Commercial Due Diligence entails the
investigation of the commercial aspects of a business in order to understand
its key performance indicators, evaluate its market position, revenue
potential, and growth opportunities. Areas focused on include competitor
analysis, the customer base, key supplier relationships, and industry
advantages. The goal of commercial due diligence is to identify any key
business risks or opportunities associated with the investment. These risks and
opportunities are better understood when evaluated with the findings from the
financial due diligence.
Legal Due Diligence
Legal due diligence is the process of
reviewing the company's legal documents and records to ensure that the company is
compliant with all relevant laws and regulations. The goal of legal due
diligence is to identify any potential legal risks or liabilities associated
with the investment. This process includes reviewing contracts, agreements,
licenses, permits, and other legal documents. The team will review any ongoing
or potential legal disputes as well as the company's intellectual property
rights, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights
Operational Due Diligence
Operational due diligence includes
investigating and evaluating the operations, management team, and systems to
assess their efficiency and effectiveness. The main goal of operational due
diligence is to identify any potential operational risks which could undermine
an investment. This includes reviewing the target company's organisational
structure, management team, processes, systems, and controls. A common operational
risk is key man dependency which prospective investors often aim to mitigate
through employee retention clauses being included in the transaction documents.
Technology Due Diligence
This includes evaluating a company's
technology assets, its software, hardware, and intellectual property. During
technology due diligence, the due diligence team will review the target
company's technology platform, software, hardware, and any proprietary
technology or intellectual property. They will also investigate that all proprietary
developed software is formally owned, doesn’t infringe third party rights, and
is aligned with the strategic objectives identified in the commercial due
diligence leg. This process will help to assess the target company's ability to
protect its technology assets and maintain a competitive advantage in the
marketplace.
Conclusion
Although there are other areas covering due
diligence, these 5 are the most common and important parts of the process.
These investigations can either be carried out directly by the investor, or
with the help of specialists who evaluate investment opportunities.
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